CBD 효능

 

What Are the Benefits of CBD?

5,000명을 대상으로 한 설문조사에 따르면 CBD 사용자의 60% 이상이 불안증 때문에 복용했습니다. CBD가 불안증에 도움이 되나요.
More than 60 percent of CBD users were taking it for anxiety, according to a survey of 5,000 people. Does it help?

?

 

Credit...Photo Illustration by The New York Times; Shutterstock

By Dawn MacKeen

Published Oct. 16, 2019Updated Oct. 27, 2021

 

 

CBD 산업은 번성하고 있으며 2025년까지 미국에서 160억 달러에 이를 것으로 보수적으로 예상됩니다.
The CBD industry is flourishing, conservatively projected to hit $16 billion in the United States by 2025.

 

이미 이 식물 추출물은 치즈버거, 이쑤시개, 호흡 스프레이에 추가되고 있습니다.
Already, the plant extract is being added to cheeseburgers, toothpicks and breath sprays.

 

More than 60 percent of CBD users have taken it for anxiety, according to a survey of 5,000 people, conducted by the Brightfield Group, a cannabis market research firm.

대마초 시장조사회사 Brightfield Group이 5,000명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사에 따르면 CBD 사용자의 60% 이상이 불안증으로 복용했습니다.

 

만성통증, 불면증, 우울증이 그 뒤를 이었습니다.

Chronic pain, insomnia and depression follow behind.

 

Kim Kardashian West, for example, turned to the product when “freaking out” over the birth of her fourth baby.

The professional golfer Bubba Watson drifts off to sleep with it.

And Martha Stewart’s French bulldog partakes, too.

예를 들어 Kim Kardashian West는 네 번째 아기가 태어난 것에 대해 “놀라울 때” 이 제품으로 눈을 돌렸습니다.

프로 골퍼 Bubba Watson은 그것을 가지고 잠자리에 듭니다.

그리고 마사 스튜어트의 프렌치 불독도 참여합니다.

 

CBD 란 무엇입니까?

What is CBD?

 

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the lesser-known child of the cannabis sativa plant;

its more famous sibling, tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the active ingredient in pot that catapults users’ “high.”

Cannabidiol 또는 CBD는 대마초 식물의 덜 알려진 자식입니다;

그것의 더 유명한 형제인 테트라하이드로칸나비놀(tetrahydrocannabinol, 또는 THC)은 사용자의 "흥분"을 유발하는 대마초의 활성 성분입니다.

 

With roots in Central Asia, the plant is believed to have been first used medicinally — or for rituals — around 750 B.C., though there are other estimates too.

중앙아시아에 뿌리를 두고 있는 이 식물은 기원전 750년경에 약용으로 또는 의식을 위해 처음 사용된 것으로 여겨지는데, 다른 추정도 있습니다.

 

CBD와 THC는 대마초 식물의 100여 칸나비노이드 중 2가지에 불과합니다.

Cannabidiol and THC are just two of the plant’s more than 100 cannabinoids.

 

THC is psychoactive, and CBD may or may not be, which is a matter of debate.

THC는 향정신성이며 CBD는 그럴 수도 있고 아닐 수도 있으며 이는 논쟁의 여지가 있습니다.

 

THC는 불안을 증가시킬 수 있습니다; CBD가 감소에 어떤 영향을 미치는지는 명확하지 않습니다.

THC can increase anxiety; it is not clear what effect CBD is having, if any, in reducing it.

 

THC can lead to addiction and cravings; CBD is being studied to help those in recovery.

THC는 중독과 갈망을 유발할 수 있습니다; 회복 중인 사람들을 돕기 위해 CBD가 연구되고 있습니다.

 

THC가 0.3% 이하인 대마초는 헴프입니다.

작년 Farm Bill은 연방법에 따라 헴프를 합법화했지만 대마초에서 파생된 제품에 대한 FDA의 감독도 유지했습니다.

Cannabis containing 0.3 percent or less of THC is hemp.

Although last year’s Farm Bill legalized hemp under federal law, it also preserved the Food and Drug Administration’s oversight of products derived from cannabis.

 

What are the claims?

주장은 무엇입니까?

 

CBD는 불안증, 우울증 및 외상 후 스트레스 장애를 완화시키는 것으로 광고됩니다. 또한 수면을 촉진하기 위해 판매됩니다.

CBD의 인기 중 일부는 "비정신자극적"이라고 주장하며 소비자는 높은 (또는 자정 피자 먼치) 없이 식물에서 건강상 효능을 얻을 수 있습니다.

CBD is advertised as providing relief for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.

It is also marketed to promote sleep.

Part of CBD’s popularity is that it purports to be “nonpsychoactive,” and that consumers can reap health benefits from the plant without the high (or the midnight pizza munchies).

 

Just as hemp seedlings are sprouting up across the United States, so is the marketing. From oils and nasal sprays to lollipops and suppositories, it seems no place is too sacred for CBD. “It’s the monster that has taken over the room,” Dr. Brad Ingram, an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, said about all the wild uses for CBD now. He is leading a clinical trial into administering CBD to children and teenagers with drug-resistant epilepsy.

헴프 묘목이 미국 전역에서 싹을 틔우고 있는 것처럼 마케팅도 마찬가지입니다.

오일과 비강 스프레이부터 막대 사탕과 좌약에 이르기까지 CBD에 너무 신성한 곳은 없는 것 같습니다.

University of Mississippi Medical Center 소아과 부교수 Brad Ingram 박사는 현재 CBD의 모든 야생 용도에 대해 이렇게 말했습니다.

그는 약물 내성 뇌전증이 있는 어린이와 청소년에게 CBD를 투여하는 임상시험을 주도하고 있습니다.

 

Does CBD work?
CBD가 작동합니까?

 

온타리오주 해밀턴의 McMaster University의 Michael G. DeGroote Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research 공동 소장 James MacKillop은 "상대적으로 안전하기 때문에 다양한 치료 방법에서 유망합니다"라고 말했습니다.

“It’s promising in a lot of different therapeutic avenues because it’s relatively safe,” said James MacKillop, co-director of McMaster University’s Michael G. DeGroote Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research in Hamilton, Ontario.

 

Last year, the F.D.A. approved Epidiolex, a purified CBD extract, to treat rare seizure disorders in patients 2 years or older after three randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trials with 516 patients that showed the drug, taken along with other medications, helped to reduce seizures.

These types of studies are the gold standard in medicine, in which participants are divided by chance, and neither the subject nor the investigator knows which group is taking the placebo or the medication.

지난해 F.D.A. 정제된 CBD 추출물인 Epidiolex는 516명의 환자를 대상으로 한 무작위, 이중 맹검 및 위약 대조 임상 3건을 통해 다른 약물과 함께 복용했을 때 발작 감소에 도움이 되었음을 보여주었으며 2세 이상 환자의 희귀 발작 장애를 치료하기 위해 승인되었습니다.

이러한 유형의 연구는 참가자가 우연에 의해 나뉘고 어떤 그룹이 위약이나 약물을 복용하고 있는지 알지 못하는 의학의 황금 표준입니다.

 

While there is hope for treating other conditions with the plant extract, Epidiolex remains the only CBD-derived drug approved by the F.D.A.

Most of the research on cannabidiol has been in animals, and its current popularity has outpaced science.

식물 추출물로 다른 상태를 치료할 수 있다는 희망이 있지만 Epidiolex는 FDA에서 승인한 유일한 CBD 파생 약물로 남아 있습니다.

대부분의 CBD 연구는 동물에 대한 연구였으며 현재 그 인기는 과학을 능가했습니다.

 

존스 홉킨스 의과대학 정신의학 및 행동과학 부교수 Ryan Vandrey는 "CBD에 대한 101개 과정이 아직 명확하게 파악되지 않았습니다"라고 말했습니다.

“We don’t have the 101 course on CBD quite figured out yet,” said Ryan Vandrey, an associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

 

CBD는 불안과 PTSD를 돕습니까?

Does CBD help anxiety and PTSD?

 

일반화된 사회적 불안증이 있는 학생들에게 최소한의 준비시간과 함께 4분의 대화는 쇠약해질 수 있습니다.

For students with generalized social anxiety, a four-minute talk, with minimal time to prepare, can be debilitating.

 

Yet a small experiment in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology found that CBD seemed to reduce nervousness and cognitive impairment in patients with social anxiety in a simulated public speaking task.

그러나 Neuropsychopharmacology 저널의 작은 실험에 따르면 CBD는 모의 대중 연설 과제에서 사회적 불안증이 있는 환자의 신경과민과 인지 장애를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났습니다.

 

However, a double-blind study found healthy volunteers administered CBD had little to no change in their emotional reaction to unpleasant images or words, compared to the placebo group. “If it’s a calming drug, it should change their responses to the stimuli,” said Harriet de Wit, co-author of the study and a professor in the University of Chicago’s department of psychiatry and behavioral neuroscience. “But it didn’t.”

그러나 이중 맹검 연구에 따르면 CBD를 투여한 건강한 지원자는 위약 그룹과 비교하여 불쾌한 이미지나 단어에 대한 감정적 반응에 거의 또는 전혀 변화가 없었습니다. 연구의 공동 저자이자 시카고 대학교 정신의학 및 행동 신경과학 교수인 해리엇 드 위트(Harriet de Wit)는 "진정제라면 자극에 대한 반응을 바꿔야 한다"고 말했다. "하지만 그렇지 않았다."

 

많은 군인들이 전쟁과 PTSD에 시달리며 집으로 돌아가고 종종 외상적 사건과 관련된 특정 활동, 장소 또는 사람을 피합니다. 재향 군인 업무부는 CBD에 대한 첫 번째 연구에 자금을 지원하여 심리 치료와 결합합니다.

Many soldiers return home haunted by war and PTSD and often avoid certain activities, places or people associated with their traumatic events. The Department of Veterans Affairs is funding its first study on CBD, pairing it with psychotherapy.

 

“Our top therapies attempt to break the association between reminders of the trauma and the fear response,” said Mallory Loflin, an assistant adjunct professor at the University of California, San Diego and the study’s principal investigator. “We think that CBD, at least in animal models, can help that process happen a lot faster.” While large clinical trials are underway, psychologists say there isn’t compelling evidence yet as to whether this is a viable treatment.

이번 연구의 수석 연구원이자 캘리포니아 대학 샌디에이고의 부교수인 말로리 로플린(Mallory Loflin)은 “우리의 최고 치료법은 외상을 상기시키는 것과 공포 반응 사이의 연관성을 깨뜨리려고 시도합니다.”라고 말했습니다. "우리는 CBD가 적어도 동물 모델에서 그 과정이 훨씬 더 빨리 일어나는 데 도움이 될 수 있다고 생각합니다." 대규모 임상 시험이 진행 중이지만 심리학자들은 이것이 실행 가능한 치료법인지에 대한 확실한 증거는 아직 없다고 말합니다.

 

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CBD가 수면과 우울증에 도움이 되나요?

Does CBD help sleep and depression?

 

밤늦게까지 강아지의 비디오를 보며 막혔습니까? CBD는 수면 보조제로 유망할 수 있습니다. 간질에 대한 Epidiolex 시험의 부작용 중 하나는 카나비노이드와 수면에 대한 리뷰의 공동 저자인 Mr. MacKillop에 따르면 졸음이었습니다. "당신이 수면에 대한 새로운 치료법을 찾고 있다면 그것이 단서가 될 수 있습니다"라고 그는 말했습니다.

Up in the wee hours of the night, stuck watching videos of puppies? CBD may be promising as a sleep aid; one of the side effects of the Epidiolex trials for epilepsy was drowsiness, according to Mr. MacKillop, a co-author of a review on cannabinoids and sleep. “If you are looking for new treatments for sleep, that may be a clue,” he said.

 

But he cautions that the side effects could have been because of an interaction with other medications the children were taking to control the seizures. So far, there hasn’t been a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (the gold standard) on sleep disorders and CBD.

 

[Stressed-out parents are giving it a shot.]

 

A recent chart review of 72 psychiatric patients treated with CBD found that anxiety improved, but not sleep. “Over all, we did not find that it panned out as a useful treatment for sleep,” said Dr. Scott Shannon, assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Colorado, Denver and the lead author of the review in The Permanente Journal.

Sleep can be disrupted for many reasons, including depression. Rodents seemed to adapt better to stressful conditions and exhibited less depressive-like behavior after taking CBD, according to a review in Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. “Surprisingly, CBD seems to act faster than conventional antidepressants,” wrote one of the authors of a new review, Sâmia Joca, a fellow at the Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies in Denmark and an associate professor at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, in an email interview. Of course, it’s difficult to detect depression in animals, but the studies that Ms. Joca and her colleagues reviewed suggested that in models of chronic stress exposure, the mice and rats treated with CBD were more resilient.

But without clinical trials in humans, psychologists say CBD’s effect on depression is still a hypothesis, and not an evidence-based treatment.

 

Is CBD harmful?

 

“If you take pure CBD, it’s pretty safe,” said Marcel Bonn-Miller, an adjunct assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. Side effects in the Epidiolex trial included diarrhea, sleepiness, fatigue, weakness, rash, decreased appetite and elevated liver enzymes. Also, the safe amount to consume in a day, or at all during pregnancy, is still not known.

 

Recently, the F.D.A. sent a warning letter to Curaleaf Inc. about its “unsubstantiated claims” that the plant extract treats a variety of conditions from pet anxiety and depression to cancer and opioid withdrawal. (In a statement, the company said that some of the products in question had been discontinued and that it was working with the F.D.A.)

Dr. Smita Das, chair of the American Psychiatric Association’s Council on Addiction Psychiatry’s cannabis work group, does not recommend CBD for anxiety, PTSD, sleep or depression. With patients turning to these to unproven products, she is worried that they may delay seeking appropriate mental health care: “I’m dually concerned with how exposure to CBD products can lead somebody into continuing to cannabis products.”

Some CBD products may contain unwanted surprises. Forensic toxicologists at Virginia Commonwealth University examined nine e-liquids advertised as being 100 percent natural CBD extracts. They found one with dextromethorphan, or DXM, used in over-the counter cough medications and considered addictive when abused; and four with a synthetic cannabinoid, sometimes called Spice, that can cause anxiety, psychosis, tachycardia and death, according to a study last year in Forensic Science International.

Earlier research found fewer than a third of 84 products studied contained the amount of CBD on their labels. Some users of CBD have also failed drug tests when the product contained more THC than indicated.

This year, 1,090 people have contacted poison control centers about CBD, according to the American Association of Poison Control Centers. Over a third are estimated to have received medical attention, and 46 were admitted into a critical care unit, possibly because of exposure to other products, or drug interactions. In addition, concern over 318 animals poured into the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals’ Animal Poison Control Center.

 

 

Is CBD a scam or not?

 

A few drops of CBD oil in a mocha or smoothie are not likely to do anything, researchers contend. Doctors say another force may also be at play in people feeling good: the placebo effect. That’s when someone believes a drug is working and symptoms seem to improve.

“CBD is not a scam,” said Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai in New York City who led a double-blind study of 42 recovering heroin addicts and found that CBD reduced both cravings and cue-based anxiety, both of which can cycle people back into using. “It has a potential medicinal value, but when we are putting it into mascara and putting it into tampons, for God’s sake, to me, that’s a scam.”

A version of this article appears in print on Oct. 20, 2019, Section F, Page 11 of the New York edition with the headline: Extracting Facts Can Be Difficult. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

 

Tips for Better Sleep

 

Tired of tossing and turning? There are some strategies you could try to maximize your hours in bed.

 

Four out of five people say that they suffer from sleep problems at least once a week and wake up feeling exhausted. Here’s a guide to becoming a more successful sleeper.

Finding that slumber sweet spot can be helpful for fending off a range of mental and bodily ills. Here’s why six to eight hours of nightly sleep is so important.

Stretching and meditative movement like yoga before bed can improve the quality of your sleep and the amount you sleep. Try this short and calming routine of 11 stretches and exercises.

Nearly 40 percent of people surveyed in a study reported having more or much more trouble than usual during the pandemic. Follow these seven simple steps for improving your shut-eye.

When it comes to gadgets that claim to solve your sleep problems, newer doesn’t always mean better. Here are nine tools for better, longer sleep.